The List of shipwrecks in 1778 includes some ships sunk, wrecked or otherwise lost during 1778.

table of contents
1778
Jan Feb Mar Apr
May Jun Jul Aug
Sep Oct Nov Dec
Unknown date
References

January

1 January

List of shipwrecks: 1 January 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Nesbitt"  United States American Revolutionary War:The merchant Brig was captured by HMS Perseus ( Royal Navy) 8 leagues west north west of Port Royal. Burned later that day.[1]
Unknown  Great Britain American Revolutionary War:The sloop was stripped and sunk by Patriots in the Delaware River between Philadelphia and Chester, Pennsylvania.[2]

3 January

List of shipwrecks: 3 January 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Alexandrine"  France American Revolutionary War:The merchant brig ran aground in the Rappahannock River and was captured by HMS Richmond and HMS Emerald ( Royal Navy) off Cape Henry. Destroyed later that day.[3]
"Betsy"  United States American Revolutionary War:The merchant schooner was captured by HMS Phoenix ( Royal Navy) off Cape Henry. Destroyed later that day.[4]

4 January

List of shipwrecks: 4 January 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Dragon"  United States American Revolutionary War:The merchant schooner ran aground and was captured by HMS Emerald ( Royal Navy) in the Rappahannock River. Refloated on the 5th.[5]
"Elegante"  France American Revolutionary War:The merchant snow ran aground and was captured by HMS Emerald ( Royal Navy) in the Rappahannock River. Refloated on the 6th.[6]

6 January

List of shipwrecks: 6 January 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Speedwell"  United States American Revolutionary War:The merchant sloop (30 GRT) was captured by HMS Galatea ( Royal Navy) off Charles Town, South Carolina at (33°18′N 76°28′W / 33.300°N 76.467°W / 33.300; -76.467). Prise was destroyed.[7]
unknown  Great Britain The large merchant schooner was driven aground at the "Pea Patch" in the Delaware River as a result of ice breaching the hull.[8]

10 January

List of shipwrecks: 10 January 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Friends"  United States American Revolutionary War:The merchant brig was captured by Royal Navy ships off Nantucket Shoals. She was stripped and burned.[9]
"Polly"  United States American Revolutionary War:The merchant brig was captured by HMS Phoenix ( Royal Navy) off Cape Henry. She was stripped of her sails and destroyed.[10]
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War:The merchant schooner ran aground and was captured by HMS Ariadne ( Royal Navy) off Englishmans Head.[11]

11 January

List of shipwrecks: 11 January 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Britania"  United States American Revolutionary War:The merchant brigantine (40 GRT) was chased ashore by HMS Unicorn ( Royal Navy) under a fort on Point Judith, Rhode Island.[12]
"Hawke"  United States American Revolutionary War:The merchant sloop (30 GRT) was chased ashore by HMS Unicorn ( Royal Navy) off Stoney Town, Connecticut.[13]
"Industry"  United States American Revolutionary War:The merchant brigantine (30 GRT) was chased ashore by HMS Unicorn ( Royal Navy) under a fort on Point Judith, Rhode Island.[14]
"Sally"  United States American Revolutionary War:The merchant sloop (20 GRT) was chased ashore by HMS Unicorn ( Royal Navy) under a fort on Point Judith, Rhode Island.[15]
"Sally"  United States American Revolutionary War:The merchant schooner, probably Sally (20 GRT), was chased ashore by HMS Lark ( Royal Navy) in or near the Providence River and was burned.[16]

12 January

List of shipwrecks: 12 January 1778
ShipStateDescription
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War:The merchant vessel, probably brig Ann, was chased ashore by HMS Lark, HMS Perseus and HMS Carysfort all ( Royal Navy) near Edesto Island.[17]

16 January

List of shipwrecks: 16 January 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Rachael"  United States American Revolutionary War:The merchant schooner (25 GRT) was captured by HMS Carysfort ( Royal Navy) off Charles Town, South Carolina and was scuttled.[18]

17 January

List of shipwrecks: 17 January 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Friendship"  United States American Revolutionary War:The merchant sloop was captured by HMS Apollo ( Royal Navy) on the southern end of the Georges Bank and was burned.[19]
"Sphynx"  United States The merchant sloop went ashore on Brenton's Neck, near Newport, Rhode Island and was captured by British infantry.[20]

22 January

List of shipwrecks: 22 January 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Linkhorn"  United States American Revolutionary War:The merchant sloop was captured by HMS Apollo ( Royal Navy) off Cape Sable and was burned due to poor condition.[21]

28 January

List of shipwrecks: 28 January 1778
ShipStateDescription
unknown unknown American Revolutionary War:The schooner was chased ashore by HMS Solebay near Cape Henry, schooner destroyed later that day.[22]

29 January

List of shipwrecks: 29 January 1778
ShipStateDescription
unknown unknown American Revolutionary War:The unidentified schooner was captured off Charles Town by HMS Carysfort ( Royal Navy) and was destroyed.[23]
Unknown and unknown  Great Britain American Revolutionary War:The vessels, American vessels captured by privateer sloop Gayton (Jamaica), were captured during a Raid on Nassau, Bahamas by USS Providence ( United States Navy) and were burned.[24]

31 January

List of shipwrecks: 31 January 1778
ShipStateDescription
unknown  United States American Revolutionary War:The unidentified schooner was captured in Chesapeake Bay by two boats from HMS St. Albans ( Royal Navy) and was burned.[25]

unknown January

List of shipwrecks: unknown January 1778
ShipStateDescription
Active  Great Britain The captured Massachusetts privateer brigantine was wrecked on the New Jersey coast on or before 12 January. Crew of 20 captured.[26]
"Hope"  Great Britain American Revolutionary War:The schooner was forced ashore by ice in the Delaware River near Chester, Pennsylvania after 6 Jan. and before 29 Jan. and was captured.[27]
"Industry"  Great Britain American Revolutionary War:The schooner was forced ashore by ice in the Delaware River near Chester, Pennsylvania after 6 Jan. and before 29 Jan. and was captured.[28]
"John"  Royal Navy American Revolutionary War:The transport brig was forced ashore by ice in the Delaware River near Chester, Pennsylvania after 6 Jan. and before 29 Jan. and was captured.[29]
"Lord Howe"  Royal Navy American Revolutionary War:The transport brig was forced ashore by ice in the Delaware River near Chester, Pennsylvania after 6 Jan. and before 29 Jan. and was captured.[30]
"Rawleigh"  Great Britain The armed brigantine foundered in a storm in the western Atlantic in January or February. Crew was rescued by HMS Experiment ( Royal Navy) as the ship sank.[31]

February

2 February

List of shipwrecks: 2 February 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Hero"  Great Britain American Revolutionary War: The ship (350 GRT 1766) blew up and sank near Antigua during a battle with an American schooner. Only the Mate and 10 crew survived.[32]

3 February

List of shipwrecks: 3 February 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Sea Flower"  United States American Revolutionary War:The schooner was captured 21 Leagues off Nantucket by HMS Unicorn ( Royal Navy) and was burned.[33]

4 February

List of shipwrecks: 4 February 1778
ShipStateDescription
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War:The schooner was captured in the James River by boats from HMS St. Albans ( Royal Navy) and was burned.[34]

5 February

List of shipwrecks: 5 February 1778
ShipStateDescription
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War:The sloop ran aground off Cherry Point while being pursued by HMS Richmond and HMS Solebay both ( Royal Navy) and was burned.[35]

7 February

List of shipwrecks: 7 February 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Petit Camarade"  Kingdom of France American Revolutionary War: The vessel had run aground, breaking her rudder and main mast, and was captured by HMS St Albans ( Royal Navy) and burned in Lynnhaven Bay.[36][37]
Unknown Unknown American Revolutionary War: The sloop was captured by HMS Richmond ( Royal Navy) and burned off Cape Charles.[36]

11 February

List of shipwrecks: 11 February 1778
ShipStateDescription
HMS Liverpool Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy The Coventry-class frigate was wrecked in Jamaica Bay, off Long Island, New York, United States.

14 February

List of shipwrecks: 14 February 1778
ShipStateDescription
Defiance  United States American Revolutionary War:The sloop was captured off Hampton Creek, Virginia by boats from HMS St. Albans ( Royal Navy) and was burned.[38]
Shore  United States American Revolutionary War:The Virginia State Govt. owned trading sloop was captured off Hampton Creek, Virginia by boats from HMS St. Albans ( Royal Navy) and was burned.[39]

25 February

List of shipwrecks: 25 February 1778
ShipStateDescription
Unknown  Great Britain American Revolutionary War:The brig was burned at Long Island, NY by troops of the 6th Connecticut Regiment.[40]
Unknown  Great Britain American Revolutionary War:The schooner was burned at Long Island, NY by troops of the 6th Connecticut Regiment.[41]
Unknown  Great Britain American Revolutionary War:The armed sloop was burned at Long Island, NY by troops of the 6th Connecticut Regiment.[42]

28 February

List of shipwrecks: 11 February 1778
ShipStateDescription
Hampden  United States American Revolutionary War:The Massachusetts privateer brigantine (120 tons, 10 guns) ran aground on Martinico while under pursuit by HMS Seaford ( Royal Navy). She was captured, refloated, and sent to Dominica.[43]

unknown February

List of shipwrecks: unknown February 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Rawleigh"  Kingdom of Great Britain The armed brigantine foundered in a storm in the western Atlantic in January or February. Crew was rescued by HMS Experiment ( Royal Navy) as the ship sank.[44]

March

7 March

List of shipwrecks: 7 March 1778
ShipStateDescription
USS Randolph United States Continental Navy The frigate was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean in an engagement with Ship-of-the-Line HMS Yarmouth (Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy) when her magazine exploded with the loss of 311 of her 315 crew. The 4 survivors were rescued off of wreckage by Yarmouth on 12 March.[45][46]

9 March

List of shipwrecks: 9 March 1778
ShipStateDescription
Alert  British Army American Revolutionary War:The armed schooner, belonging to the British Army Dept. of Engineers, was captured on 7 March by Continental & Pennsylvania State Navy vessels. She was run aground, set on fire and partially flooded in the Delaware River off New Castle, Delaware to prevent being recaptured. Refloated by the British the next day.[47]
"Kitty"  Great Britain American Revolutionary War:The transport was burned in the Delaware River off New Castle, Delaware after being captured by Continental & Pennsylvania State Navy vessels on the 7th.[48][49]
"Mermaid"  Great Britain American Revolutionary War:The transport was burned in the Delaware River off New Castle, Delaware after being captured by Continental & Pennsylvania State Navy vessels on the 7th.[48][50]

12 March

List of shipwrecks: 12 March 1778
ShipStateDescription
Tonnere  Kingdom of France American Revolutionary War:The ship (350 tons) was destroyed by the British after running aground off Smith's Island. Prize credit to HMS Senegal ( Royal Navy).[51]

22 March

List of shipwrecks: 22 March 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Hammon"  United States The privateer schooner ran aground near LaHave, Nova Scotia when attacked by schooner/tender HMS Arbuthnot ( Royal Navy) and was captured, pulled off and taken to Halifax, Nova Scotia. 19 of 25 crew escaped from being captured.[52]
Unknown  Royal Navy A Tender of frigate HMS Roebuck ran ashore in the early hours, at Cape Henlopen and was burned to prevent capture in the morning, her 21 crew were captured. 8 carriage and 4 swivel guns were salvaged by the Americans.[37]
Unknown  Royal Navy American Revolutionary War:A Tender of HMS Enterprize ( Royal Navy), captured on 20 March by USS Revenge ( United States Navy), was burned off Spain.[53]

23 March

List of shipwrecks: 23 March 1778
ShipStateDescription
Reed  Great Britain The schooner ran ashore at Cape Henlopen and was wrecked, her crew surrendered. Her sails, rigging, part of her cargo (sugar), and 8 carriage and 4 swivel guns were salvaged by the Americans.[37]

27 March

List of shipwrecks: 27 March 1778
ShipStateDescription
USS Columbus United States Continental Navy American Revolutionary War: The frigate ran aground at Point Judith, Rhode Island whilst under pursuit and was abandoned. She was subsequently burnt by the British.

28 March

List of shipwrecks: 28 March 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Heart of Oak  United States The sloop was wrecked and broke up at Figueroa, Portugal. part of her cargo was saved.[54]

29 March

List of shipwrecks: 29 March 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Active"  United Kingdom The ship, a Letter of Marque, was lost near "The Start". Three crewmen drowned.[55]

30 March

List of shipwrecks: 30 March 1778
ShipStateDescription
Brilliant  Great Britain American Revolutionary War:The transport sloop was sunk when forced into marine Chevaux-de-Frise by another ship while going up the Delaware River just below Fort Mifflin, 6 miles south of Philadelphia. Her crew and all the Hessian Mercenaries on board were rescued.[56]

31 March

List of shipwrecks: 31 March 1778
ShipStateDescription
USS Virginia United States Continental Navy American Revolutionary War:The 32 gun frigate ran aground on Middle Ground, Chesapeake Bay and was captured. Refloated, repaired and put in service as HMS Virginia ( Royal Navy).[57]

Unknown March

List of shipwrecks: Unknown March 1778
ShipStateDescription
Dolphin Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy The sloop, captured 218 miles off Sandy Hook by HMS Experiment ( Royal Navy), was wrecked on Long Island i a snow storm between 1 and 7 March. Prize crew was saved.[58]
Royal George  United Kingdom The transport foundered near Sao Miguel Island, The Azores about the beginning of the month. crew rescued.[59]
unknown  Royal Navy A Tender of HMS Enterprize ( Royal Navy), captured on 20 March by USS Revenge ( United States Navy, was burned off Spain.[60]

April

5 April

List of shipwrecks: 5 April 1778
ShipStateDescription
unknown  United States American Revolution:The sloop was burned by a landing party on the Shark River.[37]

6 April

List of shipwrecks: 6 April 1778
ShipStateDescription
 United Kingdom American Revolution:The stripped sloop was burned by boats from galley Spitfire ( Rhode Island Navy) at Bristol Ferry, Rhode Island.[37]

9 April

List of shipwrecks: 9 April 1778
ShipStateDescription
Two Friends  Royal Navy The French sloop, captured by frigate HMS Glasgow ( Royal Navy) on the 8th, sprang a leak just after Midnight and sank off Cuba. The Prize Crew was rescued.[61]

12 April

List of shipwrecks: 12 April 1778
ShipStateDescription
 United States American Revolution:The schooner was captured on the 11th by frigate HMS Apollo ( Royal Navy). She was stripped and burned on the 12th 30 Leagues north east of Nantucket.[62]
 United States A Tender of frigate HMS Roebuck ran ashore in the early hours, at Cape Henlopen and was burned to prevent capture in the morning, her 21 crew were captured. 8 carriage and 4 swivel guns were salvaged by the Americans.[37]

13 April

List of shipwrecks: 13 April 1778
ShipStateDescription
 Kingdom of France American Revolution:The French polacca ran aground on Willoby's Shoal while being pursued by frigate HMS St. Albans ( Royal Navy) and was captured, apparently pulled off.[63]

14 April

List of shipwrecks: 14 April 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Dolphin"  Kingdom of Great Britain American Revolutionary War: The brigantine was captured by USS Ranger ( United States Navy) between the Scilly Isles and Cape Clear Island and was scuttled.[64]
Unknown  Scotland American Revolutionary War: The schooner was captured by USS Ranger ( United States Navy) and was scuttled.[64]

19 April

List of shipwrecks: 19 April 1778
ShipStateDescription
HMS Hinchenbrook  Royal Navy American Revolution:Frederica naval action:The armed brig or brigantine ran aground in the Frederica River during a battle with Washington, Lee, and Bullock all (United States Georgia State Navy) and was captured.[65]
HMS Rebecca  Royal Navy American Revolution:Frederica naval action:The armed sloop ran aground in the Frederica River during a battle with Washington, Lee, and Bullock all (United States Georgia State Navy) and was captured.[65]
Unknown  Royal Navy American Revolution:Frederica naval action:The watering brig ran aground in the Frederica River during a battle with Washington, Lee, and Bullock all (United States Georgia State Navy) and was captured.[65]
Unknown  Scotland American Revolutionary War: The coastal schooner was sunk by USS Ranger ( United States Navy) in the Mull of Galloway.[66]

20 April

List of shipwrecks: 20 April 1778
ShipStateDescription
unknown Unknown American Revolutionary War: The sloop was captured by USS Ranger ( United States Navy) and was scuttled.[66]

24 April

List of shipwrecks: 24 April 1778
ShipStateDescription
Duc de Choiseul  Kingdom of France American Revolution: The ship ran aground and was wrecked in Liverpool Bay, Nova Scotia during a battle with frigate HMS Blonde ( Royal Navy). The wreck was stripped by the British. During the operation she rolled on her side killing 3 Royal Navy sailors. Probably broke up in the Winter of 1778-79.[67][68][69]
USS Independence United States Continental Navy The sloop was wrecked in the Oracoke Inlet, North Carolina. Wreck extensivly salvaged including her guns, cargo and ship's bell.[70]

27 April

List of shipwrecks: 27 April 1778
ShipStateDescription
Three unknown vessels Flags unknown American Revolution: Three ships were burned by a boarding party from USS Ranger at Whitehaven, England.[45]

30 April

List of shipwrecks: 30 April 1778
ShipStateDescription
Unknown  Royal Navy The tender was fired upon by USS Providence during Providence's escape from Providence, Rhode Island and heavily damaged. She was sent to Newport, Rhode Island where she sank at dock.[71]

Unknown April

List of shipwrecks: Unknown April 1778
ShipStateDescription
Unknown  Royal Navy The captured American vessel was wrecked 7 miles from Wilmington, North Carolina before 20 April.[65]

May

1 May

List of shipwrecks: 1 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
unknown unknown The sloop stranded on Cape Henlopen.[72]

5 May

List of shipwrecks: 5 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
unknown  United States The schooner was stranded on shore in Buzzard's Bay while being chased by a tender of HMS Unicorn and was burned by the British.[73]

6 May

List of shipwrecks: 6 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
unknown  United States The ship was captured and was burned by the British near Falmouth, Massachusetts.[70]

8 May

List of shipwrecks: 8 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
USS Effingham United States Continental Navy American Revolutionary War: Delaware River Raid: The incomplete frigate, refloated, or partly above water, was burned by a British raiding party. She had been scuttled at White Hill near Bordentown, New Jersey in 1777 to prevent capture by the British.[70]
USS Washington United States Continental Navy American Revolutionary War: Delaware River Raid:The incomplete frigate, refloated, or partly above water, was burned by a British raiding party. She had been scuttled at White Hill near Bordentown, New Jersey in 1777 to prevent capture by the British.[70]
Sturdy Beggar  United States American Revolutionary War: Delaware River Raid: The privateer was burned in Crosswicks Creek, New Jersey by the British.[70]
Unknown United States Continental Navy American Revolutionary War: Delaware River Raid: Two new large ships, one pierced for 18 guns, was burned at Bordentown, New Jersey by the British.[70]
Unknown United States American Revolutionary War: Delaware River Raid: The privateer sloop, 10 guns, was burned at Bordentown, New Jersey by the British.[74]
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War: Delaware River Raid: The brig was burned at White Hill near Bordentown, New Jersey by the British.[74]
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War: Delaware River Raid: The sloop was burned at White Hill near Bordentown, New Jersey by the British.[74]
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War: Delaware River Raid:Ten ships (brigs, sloops and schooners) were burned at Bordentown, New Jersey by the British.[70]
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War: Delaware River Raid:Eight ships (brigs, sloops and schooners) were burned in Crosswicks Creek, New Jersey by the British.[74]

9 May

List of shipwrecks: 9 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Kitty"  United Kingdom American Revolutionary War:The transport was captured in the Delaware River by Continental Navy armed boats and burned.[75]
"Mermaid"  United Kingdom American Revolution:The transport was captured in the Delaware River by Continental Navy armed boats and burned.[75]
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War: Delaware River Raid: Six ships, a new schooner, an old schooner, a new sloop, a large old sloop, and 2 new ships were burned in Biles Island Creek, New Jersey by the British.[74]
Unknown  United States Continental Navy American Revolutionary War: Delaware River Raid: An unknown number of Gallies were found by the British scuttled in Watson Creek in deep water.[74]
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War: Delaware River Raid: Two sloops, a ship, a brig, 4 new ships, one new brig and one old schooner were burned at Bristol, Pennsylvania.[74]
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War: Delaware River Raid: Two sloops were burned at Bristol Ferry, Pennsylvania.[74]

10 May

List of shipwrecks: 10 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War:The British burn several ships in the Delaware River(May be wrong date, may be about those burned on the 8-9th).[2]

11 May

List of shipwrecks: 11 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War: The privateer sloop was driven ashore by British privateer "Tryon" ( United Kingdom) near Cape Hatteras.[76]

12 May

List of shipwrecks: 12 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
Le Gaston  Kingdom of France American Revolutionary War: The polaque was run aground, scuttled, and abandoned near Cape Hatteras during a pursuit by HMS Ariel ( Royal Navy). Ariel salvaged part of her cargo and burned the ship.[77]

13 May

List of shipwrecks: 13 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
Trader's Increase  United States American Revolutionary War: The schooner was run aground near Cape Hatteras during a pursuit by HMS Ariel ( Royal Navy). Ariel burned the ship on the 14th.[77]
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War: The schooner was run aground near Cape Hatteras during a pursuit by HMS Ariel ( Royal Navy). Ariel burned the ship.[77]

14 May

List of shipwrecks: 14 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
Two Friends  United States American Revolutionary War: The schooner was run aground near Cape Hatteras during a pursuit by HMS Ariel ( Royal Navy) and captured. The ship was refloated on the 15th.[77]

18 May

List of shipwrecks: 18 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
General Montgomery  United States American Revolutionary War: The privateer sloop was run aground in the harbor at Owl's Head, Nova Scotia during a pursuit by HMS Cabot ( Royal Navy) and captured. The ship was refloated on the 19th.[77]

19 May

List of shipwrecks: 19 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
St. Jean  Kingdom of France American Revolutionary War: The anchored snow was scuttled near Cape Hatteras 4 or 5 miles from Roanoke Inlet when approached by HMS Ariel ( Royal Navy). Ariel burned the ship.[78]

24 May

List of shipwrecks: 24 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Fly"  United States American Revolutionary War: The schooner was captured off Cape Cod by HMS Raisonnable and HMS Diamond, both ( Royal Navy) and was burned.[79]

25 May

List of shipwrecks: 25 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War: Mount Hope Bay raids: 125 batteaux were captured and burned by British troops.[76]
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War: Mount Hope Bay raids: An armed galley was captured and burned by British troops.[76]
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War: Mount Hope Bay raids: A sloop was captured and burned by British troops.[76]

26 May

List of shipwrecks: 26 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War: The brig was captured and burned by HMS Cabot ( Royal Navy) in the Gut of Canso, Nova Scotia.[80]

29 May

List of shipwrecks: 29 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
USS Norfolk Revenge  United States Navy Virginia Navy American Revolutionary War: The galley was sunk in the Nansemond River.[81][82]

30 May

List of shipwrecks: 30 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Angelica"  United States American Revolutionary War: The brig, a privateer, was captured by frigate HMS Andromeda ( Royal Navy) and burned at sea.[83]

31 May

List of shipwrecks: 31 May 1778
ShipStateDescription
HMS Pigot  Royal Navy American Revolutionary War: Mount Hope Bay raids: The galley ran aground at Bristol Ferry, Rhode Island. She was kedged off some hours later despite being shelled by a battery nearby.[84]
Unknown unknown American Revolutionary War: The sloop was run aground near Currituck, North Carolina during a pursuit by HMS Ariel ( Royal Navy). Left on the beach unboarded because of bad weather.[84]
Unknown  United Kingdom American Revolution: The unmanned, stripped, demasted, and holed brig came ashore between two rocks at Abbotsham Cliffs near Biddeford, Devonshire, England sometime in May. It is believed to have been captured by American privateers who intended to scuttle her. She was refloated and taken to Biddeford on the 21st.[66]

Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: unknown date in May 1778
ShipStateDescription
Elizabeth  United States American Revolutionary War: The sloop was captured and destroyed by British privateer "Hammond" ( United Kingdom) prior to 25 May.[76]
Esther  United States American Revolutionary War: The schooner was captured and destroyed by British privateer "Hammond" ( United Kingdom) prior to 25 May.[76]
Fish-Hawk  United States American Revolutionary War: The schooner was captured and destroyed by British privateer "Hammond" ( United Kingdom) prior to 25 May.[76]
Jenny  United States American Revolutionary War: The brig was captured and burned at "Carolina" by British privateer "Hammond" ( United Kingdom) prior to 25 May.[76]
Jenny  United States American Revolutionary War: The sloop was captured and destroyed by British privateer "Hammond" ( United Kingdom) prior to 25 May.[76]
Lilly  United States American Revolutionary War: The sloop was captured and destroyed by British privateer "Hammond" ( United Kingdom) prior to 25 May.[76]
Nancy  United States American Revolutionary War: The schooner was captured and destroyed by British privateer "Hammond" ( United Kingdom) prior to 25 May.[76]
Nelly  United States American Revolutionary War: The sloop was captured and destroyed by British privateer "Hammond" ( United Kingdom) prior to 25 May.[76]
Polly  United States American Revolutionary War: The schooner was captured and destroyed by British privateer "Hammond" ( United Kingdom) prior to 25 May.[76]
Robert  United States American Revolutionary War: The sloop was captured and destroyed by British privateer "Hammond" ( United Kingdom) prior to 25 May.[76]
Sally  United States American Revolutionary War: The brig, a prize ship, was recaptured by a British privateer at Topsail Inlet before 15 May and burned when she couldn't be taken out. Her cargo of salt was salvaged by the Americans, but the ship was "ruined".[76]
Spit-Fire  United States American Revolutionary War: The boat was captured and destroyed by British privateer "Hammond" ( United Kingdom) prior to 25 May.[76]
Success  United States American Revolutionary War: The sloop was captured and destroyed by British privateer "Hammond" ( United Kingdom) prior to 25 May.[76]
True Blue  United Kingdom The slave ship was lost off Cameroon before 15 May. crew and 60 slaves were saved by "Ann" ( United Kingdom).[75]
Unknown, Unknown  United Kingdom Two coal ships out of a convoy of 5 burned and sank from spontaneous combustion before 15 May.[75]
unknown  United Kingdom The schooner was captured by privateers at LaHave, Nova Scotia, she was stripped and burned. Probably on the 27th, but possibly on the 20th.[68]
Hawke  United Kingdom The sloop was stranded on Cape Henlopen on 1 or 2 May.[73]
unknown unknown The schooner was stranded on Cape Henlopen on or before 7–8 May.[73]
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War: Six ships were driven ashore by British privateer "George and Elizabeth" ( United Kingdom) during a cruise, apparently on various dates before 12 May.[76]

June

13 June

List of shipwrecks: 13 June 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Fox"  United States The privateer was driven ashore at Port Medway, Nova Scotia trying to escape from the Sloops "General Gage", and "General Howe", and another Large Armed Sloop. captured and refloated.[68]

July

6 July

List of shipwrecks: 6 July 1778
ShipStateDescription
Albion  United Kingdom American Revolutionary War: The ship sank after striking marine Cheval de frise in the Delaware River.[77]

8 July

List of shipwrecks: 8 July 1778
ShipStateDescription
HMS Mermaid Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy The Mermaid-class frigate was driven ashore to prevent her being captured by French frigates. surrendered to a US vessel.[85]

31 July

List of shipwrecks: 31 July 1778
ShipStateDescription
Unknown  United Kingdom American Revolutionary War:The ship ran aground at Shrewsbury, New Jersey. Stripped by Militia despite shelling by a Royal Navy frigate.[86]

August

1 August

List of shipwrecks: 1 August 1778
ShipStateDescription
Unknown  United Kingdom American Revolutionary War:The Row galley was run aground at Shrewsbury, New Jersey by American vessels.[86]

5 August

List of shipwrecks: 5 August 1778
ShipStateDescription
HMS Cerberus Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy American Revolutionary War: The 28 gun Coventry-class sixth rate frigate was run aground, set afire and was destroyed in Narragansett Bay to avoid capture by French ships of the line.[87]
HMS Juno Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy American Revolutionary War: The 32 gun Richmond-class frigate was run aground, set afire and was destroyed in Narragansett Bay to avoid capture by French ships of the line.[87]
HMS Lark Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy American Revolutionary War: The 32 gun Richmond-class frigate was run aground, set afire and was destroyed when her powder magazine exploded in Narragansett Bay to avoid capture by French ships of the line.[87]
HMS Orpheus Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy American Revolutionary War: The 32 gun Lowestoffe-class fifth-rate frigate was run aground, set afire and was destroyed in Narragansett Bay to avoid capture by French ships of the line.[87]

6 August

List of shipwrecks: 6 August 1778
ShipStateDescription
Charlotte  United States American Revolutionary War: The schooner ran aground in Bull Island Bay, South Carolina whilst being chased by the privateer Revenge ( Great Britain). She was consequently captured by the British.[88]
"Love and Unity"  United States American Revolutionary War:The ship ran aground off Tom's River, New Jersey.[86]

20 August

List of shipwrecks: 20 August 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Glory of America"  United States American Revolutionary War:The ship was sunk off Egg Harbor, New Jersey by Tryon.[86]

21 August

List of shipwrecks: 21 August 1778
ShipStateDescription
Unknown Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy (?) American Revolutionary War:The cruizer went ashore at Cape May while trying to avoid capture by the French.[2]

24 August

List of shipwrecks: 24 August 1778
ShipStateDescription
Colebrooke British East India Company The East Indiaman struck Anvil Rock, in Kogel Bay and was wrecked with the loss of seven of her crew. She was on a voyage from Madeira to Bombay, India.[89]

Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: Unknown date in August 1778
ShipStateDescription
Lord Sandwich  Great Britain American Revolutionary War: The prison ship, a barque, was scuttled at Newport, Rhode Island, United States between 3 and 6 August.

September

5 September

List of shipwrecks: 5 September 1778
ShipStateDescription
Unknown  United Kingdom American Revolutionary War:The ship was captured and destroyed.[86]

25 September

List of shipwrecks: 25 September 1778
ShipStateDescription
USS Raleigh  United States Navy The Hancock-class frigate ran aground on Wooden Ball Island, Maine whilst in an engagement with HMS Experiment and HMS Unicorn (both Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy) and was abandoned. She was captured by the British, refloated on 28 September and taken into service as HMS Raleigh.

October

3 October

List of shipwrecks: 3 October 1778
ShipStateDescription
HMS Mary Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy The 4-gun smack was lost in Plymouth Sound.[90]

6 October

List of shipwrecks: 6 October 1778
ShipStateDescription
HMS Greenwich Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy American Revolutionary War: The Egg Harbor Expedition: The Swan-class ship sloop became grounded near Osborne Island, or on Mincock Island, near Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, United States. Refloated on the 8th, and regrounded, then refloated.[91][92]
HMS Granby Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy American Revolutionary War: The Egg Harbor Expedition: The armed sloop became grounded near Osborne Island, or on Mincock Island near Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, United States. Refloated on the 8th.[91][92]
Unknown  United States American Revolution: The Egg Harbor Expedition: Nine ships that had been captured by American privateers and scuttled/dismantled in Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, United States to prevent recapture, were recaptured and burned. Some ships burned until Noon on the 7th.[91]
Venus  United States American Revolution: The Egg Harbor Expedition: The ship had been captured by American privateers and scuttled/dismantled in Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, United States to prevent recapture, was recaptured and burned.[92]

9 October

List of shipwrecks: 9 October 1778
ShipStateDescription
Mary  Great Britain The ship was wrecked at Pensacola, Florida, British America.[93]
Sarah and Elizabeth  Great Britain The ship was wrecked at Pensacola.[94]

22 October

List of shipwrecks: 22 October 1778
ShipStateDescription
HMS Zebra Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy American Revolutionary War: The Egg Harbor Expedition: The Swan-class ship sloop ran aground in Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, United States. She was blown up to avoid her being captured.[91]

Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: Unknown date in October 1778
ShipStateDescription
Dispatch  Great Britain The ship departed from Newfoundland, British America. No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands.[95]
Solovey  Imperial Russian Navy The ship was wrecked by ice at the mouth of the Volga between 15 and 20 October. Her crew were rescued.[96]

November

2 November

List of shipwrecks: 2 November 1778
ShipStateDescription
HMS Somerset Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy The 64-gun third rate ship of the line was wrecked on Peaked Hill Bar, a sandbar off Cape Cod, Massachusetts, United States with the loss of between 21 and 70 of her crew, according to different sources. Her wreckage was buried on the beach at Dead Man's Hollow, near Provincetown, Massachusetts.[97]

22 November

List of shipwrecks: 22 November 1778
ShipStateDescription
"Rattlesnake"  United States American Revolutionary War:The 18 gun Privateer ran aground and was wrecked on Middle Ground, Chesapeake Bay while being pursued by HMS Swift (Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy).[57]
HMS Swift Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy American Revolutionary War:The 14 gun sloop ran aground on Middle Ground, Chesapeake Bay while pursuing Privateer "Rattlesnake" ( United States). Burned to prevent captrure.[57]

December

1 December

List of shipwrecks: 1 December 1778
ShipStateDescription
Martha  Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked 15 leagues (45 nautical miles (83 km) north of Egg Harbor, New Jersey, United States. She was on a voyage from Halifax, Nova Scotia, British America to New York, United States[98]

9 December

List of shipwrecks: 19December 1778
ShipStateDescription
unknown  Great Britain American Revolutionary War:The armed vessel ran aground near Barnegat, New Jersey. Crew captured by Militia.[2]

26 December

List of shipwrecks: 26 December 1778
ShipStateDescription
General Arnold  United States The privateer, a brig, was wrecked at Plymouth Harbor, Massachusetts with the loss of 70 of her 105 crew.[99]

28 December

List of shipwrecks: 28 December 1778
ShipStateDescription
London British East India Company The East Indiaman was run down and sunk off Berry Head, Devon by HMS Russell (Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy).[100]

29 December

List of shipwrecks: 29 December 1778
ShipStateDescription
HMS Cupid Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy The Sloop-of-War foundered in the Grand Banks of Newfoundland with the loss of nine of her crew.[101]

31 December

List of shipwrecks: 31 December 1778
ShipStateDescription
Betsey  Great Britain The transport ship foundered in the Nore.[102]
Marianna Charlotta Kingdom of Sicily The ship was driven ashore and wrecked on the Mull of Galloway, Great Britain. She was on a voyage from the Isle of Man to Naples.[102]
Ruby  Great Britain The ship was wrecked at Jersey, Channel Islands.[101]

Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: Unknown date in December 1778
ShipStateDescription
Fame  Great Britain The ship was wrecked on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, British America.[103]
Jenny  Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked on Staten Island, New York, United States. She was on a voyage from New York City to London.[104]
Lady Catharina  Ireland The ship was lost near Holyhead, Anglesey, Great Britain with the loss of all but one of her crew. She was on a voyage from Dublin to the West Indies.[105]
Mary  Great Britain American Revolutionary War: The ship was lost off Cape Florida, British America whilst evading two American privateers.[106]
Nouvelle Abondance  France The ship, a prize, foundered in the English Channel off Calais. Her crew were rescued.[105]
Rose  United States The ship was driven ashore and wrecked on Staten Island in late December.[104]

Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: Unknown date in 1778
ShipStateDescription
Harland India The schooner was wrecked.[107]
"Le Tonnerre"  Kingdom of France American Revolutionary War: The vessel was captured by HMS Senegal ( Royal Navy) and destroyed between December, 1777 and March, 1778.[37]
Minerva  United States The ship was lost near "Westerley". She was on a voyage from Rhode Island to New York.[108]
Neptune  Dutch Republic The ship was lost at Tortola.[109]
Rockingham  Great Britain The transport ship was lost.[110]
Unknown  United States American Revolutionary War: The privateer was sunk with all hands by "Sally" ( United Kingdom) sometime before 4 May.[111]

References

  1. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Battles and skirmishes in New Jersey of the American Revolution" (PDF). state.nj.us. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  3. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  4. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  5. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  6. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  7. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  8. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  9. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  10. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  11. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  12. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  13. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  14. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  15. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  16. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  17. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  18. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  19. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  20. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  21. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  22. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  23. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  24. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 European THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 American: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  25. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  26. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  27. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  28. ↑ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
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  36. 1 2 "The Maritime War: The Revolutionary War in Princess Anne County" (PDF). vbgov.com. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "NAVAL DOCUMENTS OF The American Revolution" (PDF). history.navy.mil. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
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  48. 1 2 "Battles and skirmishes in New Jersey of the American Revolution" (PDF). state.nj.us. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
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  95. ↑ "(untitled)". New Lloyd's List (1081). 3 August 1779.
  96. ↑ Chernyshev, Alexander Alekseevich (2012). Погибли без боя. Катастрофы русских кораблей XVIII–XX вв [They died without a fight. Catastrophes of Russian ships of the XVIII-XX centuries] (in Russian). Veche.
  97. ↑ "Somerset". Hunting New England Shipwrecks. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  98. ↑ "(untitled)". New Lloyd's List (1028). 29 January 1779.
  99. ↑ "PLYMOUTH IN THE REVOLUTION" (PDF). Plymouth Hall Museum. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  100. ↑ "Losses from the East India Company's ships (1763 - 1815)". Ocean Treasures. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  101. 1 2 "(untitled)". New Lloyd's List (1027). 26 January 1779.
  102. 1 2 "(untitled)". New Lloyd's List (1024). 15 January 1779.
  103. ↑ "(untitled)". New Lloyd's List (1087). 24 August 1779.
  104. 1 2 "(untitled)". New Lloyd's List (1034). 19 February 1779.
  105. 1 2 "(untitled)". New Lloyd's List (1020). 1 January 1779.
  106. ↑ "(untitled)". New Lloyd's List (1075). 13 July 1779.
  107. ↑ Wadia, R. A. (1986) [1957]. The Bombay Dockyard and the Wadia Master Builders. Bombay. p. 332.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  108. ↑ "(untitled)". New Lloyd's List (1031). 9 February 1779.
  109. ↑ Towle, Edward L.; Marx, Robert F.; Albright, Alan B. (December 1976). "Shipwrecks of the Virgin Islands. An Inventory, 1523 - 1825" (PDF). Virgin Islands: Island Resources Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  110. ↑ "(untitled)". New Lloyd's List (1032). 12 February 1779.
  111. ↑ "NAVAL DOCUMENTS OF The American Revolution" (PDF). history.navy.mil. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
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